Lighting

In private households, the following lighting mode is suitable:

• the first week - 24 hours;
• the second - 23;
• the third - up to 18 - 20 hours;
• from the fourth week until slaughter alternating lighting (light - darkness: duration of one pause - not less than 15 min.)

With this mode of lighting, natural lighting is not enough. Therefore, take care of the lamps at the rate of: for adult livestock - 5 W / 1 m2 of floor, for young animals - 3 W / m2. Reflectors must be installed on electric lamps. The lamps are hung at a height of 1.7 -1.8 m from the floor. If the poultry house is intended for growing young animals, it must be equipped with heaters.

The role is played by color:

• blue-green gamma of light flux stimulates the growth of young animals;
• red-orange color has a beneficial effect on reproductive function;
• the red part of the spectrum calms the birds, it is used to reduce cannibalism. But red lamps can have a negative impact: they shorten the duration of laying, provoke the aggression of animals;
• blue color soothes.

The level of laying, the health of the bird is affected by the intensity of light, the length of daylight. It is not desirable to practice round-the-clock lighting. After all, in the dark the bird rests. Accordingly, bone and cartilage tissue are intensively formed, calcium metabolism and immune system are normalized. For a full rest on the perch chickens need semi-darkness of 0.5-1 lux.

In order to properly compile a lighting program for laying hens, when changing the light regime, focus on the average live weight of the herd. When it reaches 1200-1300 g, increase the illuminance:

• for the first time extend daylight for 1 hour;
• during the week add 30 minutes of artificial lighting daily, bringing up to 14 hours.

The stimulation process lasts for 30 weeks. The light intensity is increased gradually, adding 20 lux per day.

As for the intensity, the minimum brightness of the lighting near the feeder of young animals should be not less than 5 lux. In areas with low light (below 5 lux) hens prefer to lay eggs.

In winter, late autumn, early spring, the lights are turned off in the chicken coop in the morning from 6 to 8 o'clock, in the evening - from dusk to 20.00.

Interestingly, domestic pigs are able to come year-round in a state of sexual hunting, in contrast to wild ancestors, in which erestrus is manifested only in the spring. But for the best effect of fertilization, technologists recommend simulating the spring regime. To do this, in the shop with breeding sows organize lighting at least 150 lux for 16-18 hours, and then 8-6 hours of darkness. This light level and lighting mode mimic the best time for estrus (spring).

Lighting at 100 to 150 lux is suitable for lactating sows and weaned piglets. The same applies to weaned piglets and pigs for fattening. Increasing the length of the day means that each animal has many opportunities to use a drinker or feeder.

At fattening it is important to organize lighting at the level of 100 lux with a light day duration of 16 hours.

For growing turkeys for meat on the first day after hatching, it is recommended to maintain round-the-clock lighting, then its duration is gradually reduced to 16-18 or even less hours.

The maximum growth of turkeys raised for meat was recorded under the use of green light bulbs. The green light also helped reduce the specific cost of feed, prevent stress. Other studies have shown that turkeys grew better than blue light bulbs by 16 weeks of age, but over the next 24 weeks they developed more intensely with red or white light bulbs.

When kept in the shadows, the issue of lighting is completely covered by sunlight. But there is a need to protect the ears from overheating. When keeping rabbits in cages indoors, it is important to provide lighting in the period from 9.00 to 18.00.

A poultry house for geese and ducks should combine natural and artificial lighting. The number and power of light bulbs is calculated from the calculation: for 10 m2 you need one light bulb with a power of 100 W, which is placed at a distance of approximately 2 m from the floor.

The duration of artificial lighting depends on the duration of natural. For geese and ducks raised for meat, 7-8 hours of light is considered optimal. With the onset of egg laying, the duration of lightening is increased to 14-16 hours.

If the uterus is kept indoors during the period of intensive egg-laying, the light bulb is left on for the whole day.

In the first two weeks after removing the lighting in the room with perepedy should be around the clock. Starting from the third week of detention, the length of daylight is reduced by 3 hours per week, bringing the figure to 12 hours.